The WHO European Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2015-20 was designed to reduce the burden of preventable diet-related NCDs (Noncommunicable diseases) and obesity. The European Commission is monitoring progress in the consumption of fruit and vegetables to maintain a balance against a worsening trend of poor diets. , reported the importance of learning to eat vegetables at an early age. Since then, the European School Fruit Scheme has been positively showing a significant increase in fruit and vegetable intake frequency by children. The European School Fruit Scheme, which supplies fresh fruit and vegetables to children together with educational measures, was introduced in the schools of 24 EU countries in 2009–2010. One of the policy objectives of the EU is the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption, especially in schools and workplaces. The EU has made efforts to promote a well-balanced diet to prevent chronic diseases. As a result, many research studies of cultivation have shown how to control bolting and early flowering of Chinese cabbage and pak choi. Vernalization lets the plants bloom and produce seeds instead of leafy heads, which then lead to low yield and quality loss of pak choi and Chinese cabbage. Bolting is induced by vernalization which is a process of accelerated flowering by exposure to prolonged cold that results in elongation of the flower stalk. However, as they started to be commercially cultivated in Europe, bolting was a significant concern for European growers. These leafy vegetables originating from China are essential in northeastern Asia. For instance, Chinese cabbage ( Brassica pekinensis) and pak choi ( Brassica chinensis), which were unknown some years ago, are the two most popular Asian vegetables in Europe. The cultivation and consumption of Asian vegetables are increasing in Europe. Economic, social, and ecological aspects also ought to be considered.Įuropean consumers are growing more interested in diversified, nutritious, and exotic vegetables. In addition, experimental studies of Asian vegetables under practical conditions for their production in different European environments are required. Future research on the Asian vegetable market within Europe is needed. Introducing Asian vegetables will enhance the diversity of nutritious horticultural products in Europe, associated with all their respective consumption benefits. All of these vegetables possess several health benefits, are increasingly in demand, are easy to cultivate, and align with current trends of the European vegetable market, e.g., vegetables having a unique taste, higher value, are decorative and small. Four Asian vegetables: (1) Korean ginseng sprout, (2) Korean cabbage, (3) Coastal hog fennel and (4) Japanese (Chinese or Korean) angelica tree, are further discussed. Many of them have not received any attention yet. We conducted this review to address the high number and wide range of Asian vegetable species with a commercial potential for introduction into the current European vegetable market. Therefore, the European market for fresh Asian vegetables is expected to expand across the EU member states, and the introduction of new vegetables has enormous potential. Although the volume of fresh vegetable consumption in the EU is barely growing, demand for diversified, nutritious, and exotic vegetables has been increasing. As recently noted during the coronavirus pandemic, regular exercise and a robust immune system complemented by adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables are recommended due to their known health benefits. Increasing longevity, along with an aging population in Europe, has caused serious concerns about diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.
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